The included LAPACK sources have been updated to version 3.10.0,

except for the four Fortran 77 routines which 3.10.0 has

re-implemented in Fortran 90 (where the older versions have been

build process does not support Fortran 90).

and most other uses of tilde expansion now

warn if a path would be too long if expanded.  (An exception is

now checks that its arguments are of the

The HTML help system has several new features: LaTeX-like

for dynamic help the output of examples and demos can be shown

installed. These features can be disabled by setting the

package now allows the user to specify a

accepts a list of gradients and/or patterns and

Points grobs (data symbols) can now also have a pattern fill.

.  These functions add compositing operators and

affine transformations to R's graphics capabilities.

package also has new functions for stroking

fill rule for a path that is to be used for clipping, stroking, or

to specify the type of a mask; available options are

These new features are only supported so far (at most) on the

now warns about unnamed non-character arguments

uses UTF-8 as the native encoding on recent Windows

systems (at least Windows 10 version 1903, Windows Server 2022 or

Windows Server 1903).  As a part of this change, R uses

should be installed manually on systems older

than Windows 10 or Windows Server 2016 before installing

The default personal library on Windows, folder

, is now a subdirectory of Local Application Data

library in Explorer when it is first in the list (

uses a new 64-bit Tcl/Tk bundle.  The previous

32-bit/64-bit bundle had a different layout and can no longer be

Make files and installer scripts for Windows have been

in packages, which are used in preference to

files around to support older versions of

be removed in the future once support for older versions of

Windows) to denote the C runtime.  The value is

.  Paths including drive letters can be made to work

patched version which defaulted to this option.)

software collection as well as the compiler

The default installation directory of R for a user-only