three numeric vectors is a surprisingly common error.

The HTML help system now uses HTML5 (wish of

now provides exact p-values also with ties

and MC p-values in the two-sample (Smirnov) case.

for the one-sample (Kolmogorov) test and

two-sample (Smirnov) test.  Contributed by

asymptotic and exact distributions of the two-sample Smirnov statistic.

escapes for UTF-8 inputs which cannot be converted to encoding

use a named argument with the placeholder

inserted.  The placeholder can only appear once on the

The included LAPACK sources have been updated to version 3.10.0,

except for the four Fortran 77 routines which 3.10.0 has

re-implemented in Fortran 90 (where the older versions have been

build process does not support Fortran 90).

and most other uses of tilde expansion now

warn if a path would be too long if expanded.  (An exception is

now checks that its arguments are of the

The HTML help system has several new features: LaTeX-like

for dynamic help the output of examples and demos can be shown

installed. These features can be disabled by setting the

package now allows the user to specify a

accepts a list of gradients and/or patterns and

Points grobs (data symbols) can now also have a pattern fill.

.  These functions add compositing operators and

affine transformations to R's graphics capabilities.

package also has new functions for stroking

fill rule for a path that is to be used for clipping, stroking, or

to specify the type of a mask; available options are

These new features are only supported so far (at most) on the

now warns about unnamed non-character arguments

uses UTF-8 as the native encoding on recent Windows

systems (at least Windows 10 version 1903, Windows Server 2022 or

Windows Server 1903).  As a part of this change, R uses

should be installed manually on systems older

than Windows 10 or Windows Server 2016 before installing

The default personal library on Windows, folder

, is now a subdirectory of Local Application Data

library in Explorer when it is first in the list (

uses a new 64-bit Tcl/Tk bundle.  The previous